Same thing. The incremental (differential, delta) process compares the current configuration to the last full backup (baseline). The differences are saved as an incremental backup. Each incremental backup is independent of the prior one. It is possible(but unlikely if done in small enough intervals with relatively small changes) that the incremental backup would be bigger than the full backup.
A simple example: the system has 5 equal sized files : A,B,C,D,E. Later you delete all 5 and replace them with F,G,H,I,J. A full backup then will have just F,G,H,I,J. An incremental backup will be bigger in that it also will have F,G,H,I,J PLUS information about the deleted A,B,C,D,E.
Although I havent written such software in many years (and not as standalone backup software but part of larger software applications) I dont know of any other way to do it.